Long-standing acid reflux can gradually damage the lining of the esophagus over time and, in some patients, lead to Barrett’s esophagus — a condition associated with increased risk for esophageal cancer. Early recognition and treatment of chronic reflux symptoms are therefore an important part of prevention.

Patients with persistent heartburn, difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, or Barrett’s esophagus may benefit from specialized evaluation and surveillance endoscopy. In higher-risk individuals, advanced endoscopic therapies can treat precancerous changes before invasive cancer develops.